Methods

Cognitive Shuffling: Disrupting the Stories That Keep You Awake

Feldenkrais Sleep · Updated 2026-09-24

Cognitive shuffling was developed by the Canadian sleep scientist Beate St. James (formerly Beate Minter) at Simon Fraser University, based on a specific observation about what the mind does during the transition into sleep: thought becomes fragmented and images appear in random, unconnected order. The technique tries to reproduce that state deliberately.

How to do it

  1. Choose a neutral word — a common one with no emotional charge. Something like BEDROOM, PICTURE, or MARKET works well.
  2. Take the first letter. Generate a word starting with that letter. Any word. Picture it for a moment.
  3. Move to the second letter, then the third, and so on.
  4. When you run out of letters, choose another neutral word and start again.

With BEDROOM: B — bed, bear, button. E — elephant, echo, engine. D — door, dog, dress. Then R, O, O, M. Do not try to make them connected. If the words stop coming, start a new word.

Why randomness matters

The thinking that keeps insomniacs awake is narrative — it has plot, consequence, and momentum. One worry leads to the next, and each one raises arousal a little more. Narrative thinking is what your brain does when it believes something needs solving.

Random word generation cannot form a narrative. Each word is unrelated to the last, so no thread develops, and the system that was scanning for problems gets a task it can complete without consequence. You are not suppressing thought — you are replacing an arousing mode with a neutral one, which is far easier.

Practical tips

Evidence status

Cognitive shuffling is newer than the established CBT-I techniques and has less research behind it — early work is encouraging, but it should not be treated as equivalent to stimulus control or sleep restriction. It costs nothing, takes two minutes, and some people find it dramatically effective. It is worth trying, and it is not worth arguing about.

If shuffling does not work for you

Some people find word generation mildly activating. Alternatives with a similar logic:

Frequently Asked Questions

Who invented cognitive shuffling?
It was developed by sleep scientist Beate St. James (published as Beate Minter) at Simon Fraser University, drawing on the fragmented imagery characteristic of sleep onset.
How long should I do it before giving up?
Ten minutes is reasonable. If you are still awake and frustrated after that, get out of bed rather than continuing in the dark.
Should the words be random or themed?
Random. Theming reintroduces narrative and association, which is what you are trying to avoid.
Can I use it for anxiety at night?
It can help with the rumination component. If the anxiety is bodily — racing heart, restlessness — breathing or movement approaches tend to work better.

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